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Literature Review
CVMSHCP/NCCP

Arroyo toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus)

     1.    Griffin, P. C. Bufo californicus, arroyo toad movement patterns and habitat preferences. M.S. thesis.  99. San Diego, University of California.

     2.    Jennings, M. R. and M.P. Hayes. Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Consern in California.  94. Final Report submitted to the California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division.

     3.    Sweet, Samuel S. Initial Report on the Ecology and Status of the Arroyo Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus) on the Los Padres National Forest of Southern California, with Management Recommendations.  91. Contract report submitted to USDA Forest Service, Goleta, California.

     4.    Sweet, Samuel S. Second Report on the Biology and Status of the Arroyo Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus) on the Los Padres National Forest of Southern California.  93. Contract report submitted to USDA Forest Service, Goleta, California.

     5.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Draft proposed rule to list the arroyo southwestern toad as an endangered species. Federal Register (1993).

     6.    U.S. Fish and Widlife Service. Draft Recovery Plan for the Arroyo Southwestern Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus).  98. Portland, OR.

Bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges ( Ovis Canadensis nelsoni)

     1.    U.S. Fish and Widlife Service. Draft Recovery Plan for bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges.  99. Portland, OR.

     2.    U.S. Fish and Widlife Service. Recovery Plan for bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges.  2000. Portland, OR.

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

     1.    Estabrook, Tracy S. and R. William Mannan. Urban Habitat Selection by Burrowing Owls.  98.  Arizona Game and Fish Department.

     2.    Gleason, Richard S. Aspects of the Breeding Biology of Burrowing Owls in Southeastern Idaho.  78.  University of Idaho.

     3.    Drost, C.A. and Mccluskey, R.C. Extirpation of alternative prey during a small rodent crash. Oecologia (Berlin) 92, 301-304 (1992).

     4.    Gleason, R.S. and Johnson, D.R. Factors influencing nesting success of burrowing owls [athene cunicularia] in southeastern idaho [usa]. Great Basin Naturalist 45, 81-84 (1985).

     5.    Green, G.A. and Anthony, R.G. Nesting success and habitat relationships of burrowing owls in the columbia basin, oregon [usa]. Condor 91, 347-354 (1989).

     6.    Grimm, D.M., Ratti, J.T., and Friesz, R. Effects of volcanic ash on food habits of burrowing owls [speotyto cunicularia] at moses lake, washington [usa]. Northwest Science 59, 40-44 (1985).

     7.    Blus, L.J. Effects of pesticides on owls in north america. Journal of Raptor Research 30, 198-206 (1996).

     8.    Desmond, M.J. and Savidge, J.A. Factors influencing burrowing owl (speotyto cunicularia) nest densities and numbers in western nebraska. American Midland Naturalist 136, 143-148 (1996).

     9.    Green, G.A., Fitzner, R.E., Anthony, R.G., and Rogers, L.E. Comparative diets of burrowing owls in oregon and washington. Northwest Science 67, 88-93 (1993).

   10.    Belthoff, James R., J. Doremus, R.A. King, and T.Smith. Monitoring Post-fledging Burrowing Owls in Southwestern Idaho.  95.

   11.    Best, Terrence R. Habitat, Annual Cycle, and Food of Burrowing Owls in southcentral New Mexico. MS Thesis.  69. Las Cruces, New Mexico State University.

   12.    Brenckle, J.F. The Migration of the Western Burrowling Owl (Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea). Bird Banding VII, 166-168 (1936).

   13.    Buscher, H.N. Echinoparyphium Speotyto Sp. N. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Journal of Parasitology 64, 52-58 (1978).

   14.    Butts, K.O. Observations on the Ecology of Burrowing Owls in Western Oklahoma. Preliminary Report. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences 51, 66-74 (1971).

   15.    California Burrowling Owl Consortium. Burrowing Owl Survey Protocol and Mitigation Guidelines.  93.

   16.     Cavanaugh, P.M. Aboveground Nesting by Burrowing Owls. Journal of Raptor Research 24, 68-69 (1990).

   17.    DeSante, David F., E.D. Ruhlen, and D.K. Rosenberg. The Distribution and Relative Abundance of Burrwling Owls in California: Evidence for a Declining Population.  91.

   18.    DeSante, David F., Eric D. Ruhlen, Sabrina Amin, and Kenneth M. Burton. Results of the 1991 Census of Burrowling Owls in Central California: An Alarmingly Small and Declining Population. 

   19.    DeSante, David F., Eric Ruhlen, Sabrina Amin, and Kenneth M. Burton. The First Annual Report From a Census of Burrowling Owls in California A progress report of the first year (1991) of a cooperative census of Burrowling Owls in central California including the greater San Francisco Bay area and the central part of the Central Valley.  92.

   20.    Errington, P.L. and Logan J. Bennett. Food Habits of Burrowling Owls in Northwestern Iowa. The Wilson Bulletin 47, 125-128 (1935).

   21.    Gleason, R.L. and T.H. Craig. Food Habits of Burrowing Owls in Southeastern Idaho. Great Basin Naturalist 39, 274-276 (1979).

   22.    Haug, E.A., B.A. Milsap, and M.S. Martell. Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia). In A. Poole and F. Gill  (eds.) The Birds of North America, No. 61. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. (1993).

   23.    Holmes, B. City Planning for Owls. National Wildlife October/November 1998, 46-53 (1998).

   24.    Knowles, C. Nevada Department of Transportation, Regional Transportation Commission. An Inventory for the Western Burrowing Owl along the Northern and Western Segments of the Las Vegas Valley Beltway System.  97. Unpublished report for Parsons, Brinkerhoff, Quade, and Douglas, Inc.

   25.    Trulio, L. Burrowing Owl Demography and Habitat Use at Two Urban Sites in Santa Clara County, California. Journal of Raptor Research 9, 84-89 (1997).

   26.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Burrowing Owl Enhancement on March Air Force Base, Riverside County, California.  92. Report prepared for the United States Air Force.

   27.    Walker, L.W. The Book of Owls. Alfred A. Knopf, New York (1974).

   28.    Winchell, Cark S. Natural History and Protection of Burrowing Owls. W.S. Halverson and A.C. Crabb. Proceedings of 16th Vertebrate Pest Conferences.  94. University of California, Davis.

California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

     1.    Evens, J.G., Gary W. Page, Stephen A. Laymon, and Richard Stallcup. Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Status of the California Black Rail in Western North american. Condor 93, 952:966.

     2.    Flores, R. E. Ecology of the California Black Rail in Southwestern Arizona. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Yuma Projects Office.  91.

Casey's June Beetle (Dinacoma caseyi)

     1.    Duff, Robert. Dinacoma caseyi - Current status of endangered species.  90.

     2.    Hovore, Frank. Report of Field Surveys: Coachella Valley Multi-species HCP, Invertebrates - Palm Springs June Beetle (Dynacoma caseyi).  95. Unpublished report to the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy.

     3.    Hovore, Frank. Letter Report of Habitat Evaluations for Palm Springs June beetle.  97. Unpublished report to the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy.

     4.    Hovore, Frank. Proposal to Provide Biological Services: Palm springs June Beetle Surveys.  97. Unpublished letter to the Coachell Valley Mountains Conservancy.

Coachella Giant Sand Treader Cricket (Macrobaenetes valgum)

     1.    Barrows, Cameron. Species Description for the Coachella Giant Sand Treader Cricket.  98. Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan.

     2.    Tinkham, E.R. Studies in Nearctic Desert Sand Dune Orthoptera. Part VI: A New Genus and Three New Species of Large Sand-treader Camel Crickets from the Colorado Desert with Keys and Notes. Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences 61, 89-111 (1962).

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma Inornata)

  1. Coachella Giant Sand Treader Cricket (Macrobaenetes valgum)  Barrows, Cameron W.  1996.  An Ecological model for the protection of a dune ecosystem.  Conservation Biology 10(3):888-891

  2.  Barrows, Cameron W.  1997.  Habitat relationships of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata).  The Southwestern Naturalist 42(2):218-223.

  3. Brattstrom, Bayard H.  1965.  Body temperatures of reptiles.  Am. Midl. Nat. 73(2):376-422.

  4. Carpenter, Charles C.  1963.  Patterns of behavior in three forms of the fringe-toed lizards (Uma:iguanidae).  Copeia 1963(2):406-412.

  5. Cowles, Raymond B.  1941.  Observations on the winter activities of desert reptiles.  Ecology 22(2):125-140.

  6. de Queiroz, Kevin.  1989.  Morphological and biochemical evolution in the sand lizards.  Ph.D. dissertation, University of California , Berkeley .

  7. Durtsche, Richard D.  1987.  Foraging and food of the fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata, an endangered species from the Coachella Valley, California.  Masters Thesis, California State University , Fullerton .

  8. Durtsche, Richard D.  1992.  Feeding time strategies of the fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, during breeding and non-breeding seasons.  Oecologia 1992(89):85-89.

  9. Durtsche, Richard D.  1995.  Foraging ecology of the fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, during periods of high and low food abundance.  Copeia 1995(4):915-926.

  10. England , A. Sydney and Steven G. Nelson.  1976.  Status of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata).  Inland Fisheries Administrative Report No. 77-1, The Resources Agency, California Dept. Fish and Game.

  11. England , A. Sydney.  1983.  The Coachella Valley, an endangered ecosystem: Progress report on conservation and management efforts.  Cal- Neva Wildlife Trans.  Pp. 148-156.

  12. Federal Register.  1980.  Reproposal of critical habitat for the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard.  Fed. Reg. 45:36038-36041.

  13. Heifetz, W.  1941.  A review of the lizards of the genus Uma.  Copeia 1941:99-111.

  14. Horchar, Victor M.  1992.  Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard. Masters Thesis, California State University , Fullerton .

  15. Lancaster, Nicholas, Jerry R. Miller and Lynn Zonge.  1993.  Geomorphic evolution and sediment transport dynamics of eolian terrains in the Coachella Valley Preserve System, south-central California .  Final report to Coachella Valley Preserve System (Nature Conservancy), 38pp.

  16. LaPre, Lawrence F. and Jim Cornett.  1981.  Public Lands survey for the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard.  BLM unpublished report.

  17. Mayhew, Wilbur W.  1964.  Taxonomic status of California populations of the lizard genus Uma.  Herpetologica 20:170-183.

  18. Mayhew, Wilbur W.  1965.  Reproduction in the sand-dwelling lizard Uma inornata.  Herpetologica 21:39-55.

  19. Meek, Norman and Thad Wasklewicz.  1993.  Final report on the sand sources of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard habitat.  Report to Coachella Valley Preserve System (Nature Conservancy), 69pp.

  20. Muth, Allan.  1987.  Population biology of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard.  Report to California Dept. Fish and Game, contract 85/86 C1330.

  21. Muth, Allan and Mark Fisher.  1991.  Population biology of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard.  Report to California Dept. Fish and Game, contracts 86/87 C2056 and 87/88 C2056, Am. 1.

  22. Nature Conservancy.  1985.  Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard habitat conservation plan.

  23. Norris, Kenneth S.  1958.  The evolution and systematics of the iguanid genus Uma and its relation to the evolution of other North American desert reptiles.  Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.  114(3):247-326.

  24. Pough, F. Harvey.   1970.  The burrowing ecology of the sand lizard, Uma inornata.  Copeia 1970:145-157.

  25. Stebbins, Robert C.  1944.  Some aspects of the ecology of the iguanid genus Uma.  Ecol. Monog. 14:311-332.

  26. The Nature Conservancy (HCP).  1985.  Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard habitat conservation plan.    Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard Steering committee; chaired by the Nature Conservancy, San Francisco.  155pp.

  27. Trépanier, Tanya L. and Robert W. Murphy.   2001.  The Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata): Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of an endangered species.  Molec. Phylogen. And Evol. 18(3):327-334.

  28. Turner, Frederick B., Donald C. Weaver and James C. Rorabaugh.   1981.  The abundance of the fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) at ten sites in the Coachella Valley, California. Report to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District.

  29. Turner, Frederick B., Donald C. Weaver and James C. Rorabaugh.  1983.  Effects of reduction in windblown sand on the abundance of the fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) in the Coachella Valley, California.  Copeia, 1984(2):370-378.

  30. Wasklewicz, Thad A. and Norman Meek.  1995.  Provenance of aeolian sediment:  the upper Coachella Valley , California .  Physical Geography 16(6):539-556.

Coachella Valley Grasshopper (Spaniacris deserticola)

     1.    Barrows, Cameron. Species Description for the Coachella Valley Grasshopper.  98. Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan.

     2.    Hawks, Dave. Survey for Sensitive Insects of Concern to the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan, Part II: Survey for the Coachella Valley grasshopper.  95. Unpublished report to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments prepared by Hawks Biological Consulting.

     3.    Hawks, Dave. Survey for Sensitive Insects of Concern to the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan.  95. Unpublished report to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments prepared by Hawks Biological Consulting.

     4.    Tinkham, E.R. Studies in Nearctic Desert Sand Dune Orthoptera. Part XV. Eremogeography of Spaniacris with bioecological notes. Great Basin Naturalist  35, 113-120 (1975).

Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket (Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis)

     1.    Ballmer, G. R. Letter to David Weissman regarding surveys for the Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket.  93.

     2.    Ballmer, G. R. Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis Trap Survey, including Pit-fall Trap Data.  93.

     3.    Barrows, Cameron. Species Description for the Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket.  98. Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan.

     4.    Gleason, R.S. and Johnson, D.R. Factors influencing nesting success of burrowing owls [athene cunicularia] in southeastern idaho [usa]. Great Basin Naturalist 45, 81-84 (1985).

     5.    Hawks, Dave. Survey for Sensitive Insects of Concern to the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan.  95. Unpublished report to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments prepared by Hawks Biological Consulting.

     6.    Tinkham, E.R. Studies in Nearctic Desert Sand Dune Orthoptera. Part XI: A new arenicolous species of Stenopelmatus from Coachella Valley with key and biological notes. Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences 61, 124-131 (1962).

Coachella Valley milkvetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae)

     1.    Barneby, Rupert C. Atlas of North American Astragalus.  64. [New York, New York Botanical Garden. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden ; v. 13.

     2.    Barrows, Katie. Element Conservation Plan: Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae.  87. San Francisco, CA. Unpublished report to the Nature Conservancy.

     3.    Shreve, F. and I.L. Wiggins. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert. Two volumes. 64. Stanford, CA, . Stanford University Press.

     4.     Spellenberg, R. Astragalus. In J.C. Hickman (ed.) The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1993).

     5.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Proposed Rule for Seven Desert Milk-Vetch Taxa from California and Nevada. Federal Register 57, (1992).

     6.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Notice of Reopening of Comment Period on Proposed Threatened and Endangered Status for Seven Desert Milk-Vetch Taxa from California and Nevada. Federal Register 61, (1996).

     7.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Final Rule. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Determination of Endangered or threatened status for Five Desert Milk-vetch Taxa from California. Federal Register 63, 193 (1998).

     8.    Wright, W.W. and L. La Pre. Biological Resource Inventory and Report, Whitewater River and Tributaries, Riverside County, California. In U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ed.) Whitewater River Basin, Coachella Valley, Stage 2. Los Angeles, CA (1979).

Le Conte’s thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei)

     1.    Sheppard, J.M. A Study of the LeConte’s Thrasher. California Birds 1, 85-95 (1970).

     2.    Sheppard, J.M. LeConte Thrasher. The Birds of North America, Life Histories for the 21st century 230, (1996).

Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius)

     1.    Black, Glenn F. Status of the desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius (Baird and Girard), in California. California.  80. Calif. : State of California, the Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. Inland fisheries endangered species program special publication ; 80-1.

     2.    Miller, R.R. and Fuiman, L.A. Description and conservation status of cyprinodon macularius eremus, new subspecies, a pupfish from organ pipe cactus national monument, arizona [usa]. Copeia 1987, 593-609 (1987).

     3.    Black, Glenn F. Fourth Desert Pupfish survey at the Salton Sea, January 15-18 and 22-26, 1979. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Management Region 5.  79.

     4.     Hendrikson, D.A. and Alejandro Varela Romero. Conservation Status of Desert Pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, in Mexico and Arizona. Copeia 1989, 478-483 (1989).

     5.    Lau, Sabrina and Baehm Claude. A Distribution survey of Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius ) around the Salton Sea, California.  91. Prepared for California Department of Fish and Game.

     6.    Turner, B. Genetic Variation and Differentiation of Remnant Natural Populations of the Desert Pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius. Evolution 37, 690-700 (1983).

Desert Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps aridus)

     1.    Duncan, Russell B. and Todd C. Esque. Draft: An Ecological Study of a Slender Salamander at the Guadalupe Creek Study Site of the Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside County, California.  86. Riverside, CA.

     2.    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and Hideen Palms Ecological Committee. Desert Salamander Recovery Plan.  92.

     3.    Zabriskie, J. Plants of Deep Canyon and the central Coachella Valley, California. Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center, University of California, Riverside (1979).

Desert tortoise (Xerobates or Gopherus agassizii)

     1.    Alleman, A.R., E. R. Jacobson, and R. E. Raskin. Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Am. J. Vet. Res. 53, 1645-1651 (1992).

     2.    Anderson, D. R. and K. P. Burnham. A monitoring program for the desert tortoise.  96. Unpublished.

     3.    Anderson, J.L. Exclosures on the Beaver Dam Slope in Arizona and Utah. Rangelands 16, 184-188 (1994).

     4.     Auffenberg, W. and R. Franz. Gopherus agassizii. Catalog. Amer. Amphib. Rept 212, 1-2 (1978).

     5.    Avise, J.C., B. W. Bowen, T. Lamb, A. B. Meylan, and E. Bermingham. Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9, 457-473 (1992).

     6.    Bailey, S.J., C. R. Schwalbe, and C. H. Lowe. Hibernaculum use by a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Herpetology 29, 361-369 (1995).

     7.    Barboza, P.S. Digesta passage and functional anatomy of the digestive tract in the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizii). Journal of Comparative Physiology 165, 193-202 (1995).

     8.    Barboza, P.S. Nutrient balances and maintenance requirements for nitrogen and energy in desert tortoises (Xerobates agassizii) consuming forages. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 112A, 537-545 (1995).

     9.    Barrett, S.L. and J.A. Humphrey. Agonistic interactions between  Gopherus agassizzii  (Testudinidae) and  Heloderma suspectum (Helodermatidae). Southwestern Naturalist 261-263 (1986).

   10.    Barrow, J. Aspects of ecology of the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1979, 105-131. 79.

   11.    Barrett, S.L. Home range and habitat of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassisi) in the Piacacho Mountains of Arizona. Herpetologica 46, 202-206 (1990).

   12.    Baxter, R.J. Spatial distribution of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at Twentynine Palms, California: implications for relocations. In Szoro, R.C., K. E. Siverson, and D. R. Patton (eds.) Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. USDA Tech. Serv. (1988).

   13.    Baxter, R. J. and G.R. Stewart. Excavation of winter burrows and relocation of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at the Luz Solar Generation Station Kramer Junction, California. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1990, 124-127. 90.

   14.    Berry, K. H. A comparision of size classes and sex ratios in four populations of the desert tortoise. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1976, 38-50. 76.

   15.    Berry, K.H. Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation: implications of social behavior and movements. Herpetologica 42, (1986a).

   16.    Berry, K. H., A.P. Woodman, L.L. Nocholson, and B.L. Burge. The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnary Range. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1983, 47-65. 83.

   17.    Berry, K.H. Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoise populations in California. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14, 127-132 (1986b).

   18.    Berry, K.H. Livestock grazing and the desert tortoise. Trans. 43rd N.A. Wildl. Natur. Res. Conf 505-519 (1978).

   19.    Berry, K.H. The status of the desert tortoise in 1990: current population issues in California. In Beamer, K.R., F. Caporaso, S. McKeown, and M. D. Graff (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on turtles and tortoises: conservation and captice husbandry. Chapman University, Orange, CA (1991).

   20.    Berry, K. B. and F. B. Turner. Notes on the behavior and habitat preferences of juvenile desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in California. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Counci. l 1987, 111-130. 87.

   21.    Bickett, J. E. Baseline study of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii at the Interpretive Center Site, Deseert Tortoise Natural Area. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Counci. 1980, 174-176. 80.

   22.    Black, J.H. Observations on courtship behavior of the desert tortoise. Great Basin Naturalist 36, 467-470 (1976).

   23.    Blair, W.F. Distributional patterns of vertebrates in the southern United States in relation to past and present environments. Zoogeography 433-468 (1958).

   24.    Boarman, W. Reduction in mortalities of desert tortoises and other vertebrates along a fenced highway. In Behler, J.J.I.D.B.F.P.P.B.B.L.D.a.J.F. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Congress of Chelonian Conservation. Soptom, Gonfaron, France (1995).

   25.    Bogert, C.M. Note on the growth rate of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii. Copeia 1937, 191-192 (1937).

   26.    Booth, K. Development of eggs and young of desert tortoise. Herpetologica 13, 261-263 (1958).

   27.    Bostick, V. The desert tortoise in relation to cattle grazing. Rangelands 12, 149-151 (1990).

   28.    Bramble, D.M. Scaptochelys: generic revision and evolution of gopher tortoises. Copeia 1982, 852-867 (1982).

   29.    Brattstrom, B.H. Some new fossil tortoises from western North America with remarks on the zoogeography and paleoecology of tortoises. Journal of Paleontology 35, 543-560 (1961).

   30.    Brooks, M.L. Benefits of protective fencing to plant and rodent communities of the western Mojave Desert, California. Environmental Management 19, 65-74 (1995).

   31.    Brown, D.R. et al. Taxonomic analysis of the tortoise mycoplasmas   Mycoplasma agassizii and Mycoplasma testudinis by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45, 348-350 (1995).

   32.    Burge, B. L. Physical characteristics and patterns of utilization of cover sites used by Gopherus agassizii in southern Nevada. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Counci. 1978, 80-111. 78.

   33.    Burge, B. L. and W.G. Bradley. Population density structure and feeding habits of the desert tortoise, _Gopherus_ _agassiizi_ in a low desert study area in southern Nevada. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Counci. 1976, 51-76. 76.

   34.    Burnham, K.P., D. R. Anderson, G. C. White, C. Brownie, and K. H. Pollock. Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on markrecapture. American Fisheries Society Monograph 5, 437.

   35.    Bury, R.B. and R.W. Marlow. The desert tortoise - will it survive?  Natl. Parks Conserv. Mag 47, 9-12 (1973).

   36.    Bury, R. B. and D. J. Germano. Biology of North American tortoises.  94.  U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey, Fish and Wildlife Research.

   37.    Bury, R.B. and P. S. Corn. Have desert tortoises undergone a longterm decline in abundance?  Wildlife Society Bulletin 23, 41-47 (1995).

   38.    Bury, R. B., T. C. Esque, and P. S. Corn. Conservation of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): genetics and protection of isolated populations. Proceeding Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1994, 59-66. 94.

   39.     Christopher, M.M., R. Brigmon, and E. Jacobson. Seasonal alteration in plasma Bhydroxybutyrate and related biochemical parameters in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Comparative Biochemical Physiology 108A, 303-310 (1994).

   40.    Connolly, C. and N. Eckert. The archaeological significance of the desert tortoise.Anthropological Papers Number 14. Nevada State Museum.

   41.    Coombs, E. M. Food habitats and livestock competition with the desert tortoises on the Beaver Dam Slope, Utah. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1979, 132-147. 79.

   42.    Cooper, J. G. Description of Xerobates agassizii. Proceedings California Academy Sciences. 2, 118-123. 1863.

   43.    Corn, P. S. Displacement of desert tortoises: overview of a study at the Apex Heavy Industrial Use Zone, Clark County, Nevada. Beaman, K. R. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1994, 295-303. 94.

   44.    Crumly, C. R. The genus name for North American gopher tortoises. Proceedings Symposium Desert Tortoise Council. 1984, 147-148. 84.

   45.    Crumly, C.R. The "parietal" foramen in turtles. Journal of Herpetology 16, 317-320 (1982).

   46.    Crumly, C.R. Validity of the tortoise,  Xerobates lepidocephalus Ottley and Vasquez, in Baja California. In U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, F.a.W.R. (ed.) Biology of North American Tortoises.(In Press).

   47.    Dantzler, W.H. and B. Schmidt-Mielsen. Excretion in freshwater turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). American Journal of Physiology 210, 198-210 (1966).

   48.    Dean-Bradley, K. Digestive flexibility in response to diet quality in hatchling desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii. Master's Thesis.  96.  Colorado State University.

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